The Military and Political System in the Qing Dynasty

The Military and Political Method in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) was primarily composed of the Eight-Banner Program, the Six Ministry Technique, the Privy Council and the Han Green Army.

1. Eight-Banner Technique

The Eight-Banner Technique (administrative divisions into which all Manchu households had been placed.) was founded by Nurhachi (the founder of the Qing dynasty), composed of the Border Yellow Banner, the Plain Yellow Banner, the Plain White Banner, the Plain Red Banner, the Bordered White Banner, the Bordered Red Banner, the Plain Blue Banner and the Bordered Blue Banner, which combined the army and the typical individuals completely as 1. The political energy was centralized in the hands of nobilities, and the essential choices have been discussed and decided by Manchu Council of Princes and Ministers. Hong Taiji (the son of Nurhachi) imitated the political Technique of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) and established the Six Ministries in the 5th year (1631) of Tianchong Period, attempting to weaken the energy of Manchu nobilities. Emperor Shunzhi reformed the Eight-Banner Method by commanding the Plain Yellow Banner, the Plain White Banner and the Bordered Yellow Banner, centralizing all energy in his personal hands.

two. The Six Ministries

The Six Ministries have been established by Emperor Hong Taiji, with a Shangshu (the senior minister) in charge of every ministry, and the vice-senior minister was known as Shilang (assistant minister). It was stipulated that the 2 ministers (served as Shangshu) in each and every ministry ought to be selected from the Manchu ethnic group and the Han ethnic group respectively in the initial (1644) year of Shunzhi Period, when a quantity of coordinate administrative institutions have been set up in addition to the Six Ministries, such as Hanlin Academy, the Ministry of Tribal Affair, the Imperial Hospital, the Ministry Internal Affair and Court of Censors, so the officials have been classified into nine grades primarily based on their ranks in the Qing dynasty.

3. Privy Council

The Qing army was at war with Mongolian army in the 7th (1729) year of Emperor Yongzheng, and the Privy Council was established under imperial order to deal with military intelligence, which became the core organ of state energy following the 2nd year of Emperor Qianlong's reign and it lasted to the 3rd year of Emperor Xuantong's reign in the Qing dynasty.

4. Green Regular Army

The army was divided into the Eight-Banner Army and the Green Common Army in the early Qing dynasty. The Eight-Banner Army was composed of the Manchu Eight-Banner, Mongolian Eight-Banner and the Han Eight-Banner, which have been straight controlled by the emperors, and the nearby governors had no rights to contact up them. The Green Army was established by the neighborhood governors, playing a much more and additional significant component in the late Qing dynasty.

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